Sec. 9-164. Regular and special municipal elections.
Sec. 9-164c. Change of municipal election date.
Sec. 9-167a. Minority representation.
Sec. 9-174a. Emergency contingency plan for elections, primaries and referenda. Model plan.
Sec. 9-217. List of candidates.
Sec. 9-224b. Registration as write-in candidate in special election to fill vacancy.
Sec. 9-226. Municipal elections.
Sec. 9-164. Regular and special municipal elections. (a)(1)(A) On and after January 1, 2022, and notwithstanding any contrary provision of law, there shall be held in each municipality, biennially, a municipal election on the Tuesday after the first Monday of November of the odd-numbered years, except that such municipal election may be held on the first Monday of May of the odd-numbered years if the legislative body of such municipality so determines by a three-fourths vote.
(B) In any municipality where the legislative body determines to hold its municipal election on the first Monday of May of the odd-numbered years in accordance with the provisions of subparagraph (A) of this subdivision, such legislative body may subsequently determine by a majority vote to hold such municipal election on the Tuesday after the first Monday of November of the odd-numbered years.
(2) In any municipality where the term of any incumbent municipal elected official would expire prior to the next regular election held under the provisions of this section, the term of such official shall be extended to conform to the beginning of the succeeding term under section 9-187a.
(b) Upon the occurrence of a vacancy in a municipal office or upon the creation of a new office to be filled prior to the next regular election, a special municipal election may be convened either by the board of selectmen of the municipality or upon application of twenty electors of the municipality filed with the municipal clerk. The date of such election shall be determined by the board of selectmen of the municipality, and notice of such date shall be filed with the municipal clerk. In determining the date of such election, the board of selectmen shall allow the time specified for holding primaries for municipal office in section 9-423 and the time specified for the selection of party-endorsed candidates for municipal office in section 9-391. On application of twenty electors of the municipality, the date of such election, as determined by the board of selectmen, shall be not later than the one hundred fiftieth day following the filing of such application, provided, if such date of such election is not more than thirty days before a regular election is to be held in such municipality, the Secretary of the State may combine such special municipal election with the regular election. Except as otherwise provided by general statute, the provisions of the general statutes pertaining to elections and primaries shall apply to special municipal elections. No such election may be held unless the municipal clerk first files notice of the office or offices to be filled at such election with the town chairman of the town committee of each major and minor party within the municipality and with the Secretary of the State at least three weeks in advance of the final time specified for the selection of party-endorsed candidates for municipal office in section 9-391. The municipal clerk shall forthwith warn such election in the same manner as the warning of municipal elections pursuant to section 9-226.
(c) Notwithstanding any provision of subsection (b) of this section to the contrary, any town which by charter provides that a vacancy in its legislative body shall be filled by a special election held no later than forty-five days after the effective date of the vacancy shall hold such election not later than forty-five days after the occurrence of the vacancy. No such election may be held unless the municipal clerk forthwith upon the occurrence of the vacancy files notice of the office to be filled at the election with the town chairman of the town committee of each major and minor party within the municipality and with the Secretary of the State. Nominations by political parties for such office shall be made as the rules of such parties which are filed with the town clerk provide, in accordance with section 9-390. Such nominations may be made and certified at any time after the vacancy occurs but not later than the thirty-sixth day before the day of the election. No such nomination shall be effective until the presiding officer and secretary of the town committee certify the nomination to the town clerk. No primary shall be held for the nomination of any political party to fill any vacancy in such office and the party-endorsed candidate so certified shall be deemed the nominee of such party. Nominations may also be made by petition in the manner provided in sections 9-379 and 9-453a to 9-453p, inclusive, which petitions shall be submitted to the town clerk of the town in which the signers reside not later than the thirty-sixth day before the day of the election and filed in the office of the Secretary of the State not later than two days thereafter. The municipal clerk shall forthwith warn such election in the same manner as the warning of municipal elections pursuant to section 9-226.
(1949 Rev., S. 491, 492; 1953, 1955, S. 646d; November, 1955, S. N111; 1957, P.A. 518, S. 39; 1963, P.A. 393, S. 7; 1967, P.A. 675, S. 1; P.A. 75-206, S. 2, 7; P.A. 77-245, S. 3; P.A. 84-319, S. 25, 49; P.A. 87-382, S. 18, 55; P.A. 93-202, S. 1; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2, S. 49; P.A. 13-260, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 116; Sept. 26 Sp. Sess. P.A. 23-1, S. 1.)
History: 1963 act provided for issuance of warning for special election by town clerk rather than selectmen; 1967 act provided for municipal elections biennially on the first Monday of May or the Tuesday after the first Monday in November in odd-numbered years as designated by the legislative body and in event such action not taken, election to be held in November and further provided where, under the act, term of an elected official would expire before the election, term extended to date of election, effective June 1, 1968; P.A. 75-206 changed day for holding special town election from not earlier than “ninetieth” to “one hundred fifth” day following day town clerk issues warning thereof, where appearing; P.A. 77-245 changed “town” to “municipal” clerk where appearing; P.A. 84-319 changed calendar re special municipal elections to conform with changes made by 1983 legislation; P.A. 87-382 changed deadline for filing by clerk to be in advance of “final” time specified for selection of party-endorsed candidates for municipal office and required clerk to warn such election “forthwith” instead of “within the time provided for” pursuant to 9-226; P.A. 93-202 added Subsec. (c) re calendar and procedures for special election to fill vacancy in legislative body of any town which by charter provides that such vacancy shall be filled by special election held within 45 days after vacancy; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2 made a technical change in Subsec. (b); P.A. 13-260 amended Subsec. (b) by adding provision re combination of special municipal election with a regular election, effective July 11, 2013; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (a) to replace provisions re holding of municipal elections in November or May as determined by legislative body with provisions re requirement on and after January 1, 2022, to hold municipal elections in November unless legislative body determines by three-fourths vote to hold such elections in May, designate such provisions as Subdiv. (1)(A), add Subdiv. (1)(B) re towns where legislative body previously determined to hold municipal elections in May and subsequently determined to hold such elections in November and designate existing provisions re extension of election officials' terms as Subdiv. (2), effective January 1, 2022; Sept. 26 Sp. Sess. P.A. 23-1 amended Subsec. (a)(2) by replacing “elected official” with “incumbent municipal elected official” and “the date of such election” with “conform to the beginning of the succeeding term under section 9-187a”.
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Sec. 9-164c. Change of municipal election date. On and after January 1, 2022, (1) any municipality may change the date of its municipal election in accordance with the provisions of section 9-164, (2) in any municipality that changes from the November municipal election date specified in said section to the May municipal election date specified in said section, the terms of incumbent municipal elected officials shall be diminished to conform to such change but for a period of not more than nine months, and (3) in any municipality that changes from the May municipal election date specified in said section to the November date specified in said section, the terms of incumbent municipal elected officials shall be extended to conform to such change but for a period of not more than nine months.
(1969, P.A. 570, S. 5; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 118; P.A. 23-22, S. 32.)
History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 replaced existing provisions with provisions re authority to change municipal election date in accordance with Sec. 9-164, re diminution of terms when elections change from November to May and re extension of terms when elections change from May to November, effective January 1, 2022; P.A. 23-22 made a technical change, effective June 7, 2023.
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Sec. 9-167a. Minority representation. (a)(1) Except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, the maximum number of members of any board, commission, legislative body, committee or similar body of the state or any political subdivision thereof, whether elective or appointive, who may be members of the same political party, shall be as specified in the following table:
COLUMN I |
COLUMN II |
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Total Membership |
Maximum from One Party |
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3......................................................................2 |
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4......................................................................3 |
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5......................................................................4 |
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6......................................................................4 |
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7......................................................................5 |
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8......................................................................5 |
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9......................................................................6 |
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More than 9..................................................Two-thirds of |
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total membership |
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(2) The provisions of this section shall not apply (A) to any such board, commission, committee or body whose members are elected wholly or partially on the basis of a geographical division of the state or political subdivision, (B) to a legislative body of a municipality (i) having a town meeting as its legislative body, or (ii) for which the charter or a special act, on January 1, 1987, provided otherwise, (C) to the city council of an unconsolidated city within a town and the town council of such town if the town has a town council and a representative town meeting, the town charter provides for some form of minority representation in the election of members of the representative town meeting, and the city has a city council and a body having the attributes of a town meeting, or (D) to the board of directors and other officers of any district, as defined in section 7-324, having annual receipts from all sources not in excess of two hundred fifty thousand dollars.
(b) Prior to any election for or appointment to any board, commission, legislative body, committee or similar body of the state or any political subdivision thereof, the municipal clerk, in cases of elections, and the appointing authority, in cases of appointments, shall determine the maximum number of members of any political party who may be elected or appointed to such body at such election or appointment. Such maximum number shall be determined for each political party in the following manner: From the number of members of one political party who are members of such body at the time of the election or appointment, subtract the number of members of such political party whose terms expire prior to the commencement of the terms for which such election or appointment is being held or made and subtract the balance thus arrived at from the appropriate number specified in column II of subsection (a) of this section.
(c) In the case of any election to any such body, the winner or winners shall be determined as under existing law with the following exception: The municipal clerk shall prepare a list of the candidates ranked from top to bottom according to the number of votes each receives; when the number of members of any one political party who would be elected without regard to this section exceeds the maximum number as determined under subsection (b) of this section, only the candidates of such political party with the highest number of votes up to the limit of such maximum shall be elected, and the names of the remaining candidates of such political party shall be stricken from the list. The next highest ranking candidates shall be elected up to the number of places to be filled at such election.
(d) If an unexpired portion of a term is to be filled at the same time as a full term, the unexpired term shall be deemed to be filled before the full term for purposes of applying this section. At such time as the minority representation provisions of this section become applicable to any board, commission, committee or body, any vacancy thereafter occurring which is to be filled by appointment shall be filled by the appointment of a member of the same political party as that of the vacating member.
(e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to repeal, modify or prohibit enactment of any general or special act or charter which provides for a greater degree of minority representation than is provided by this section.
(f) Nothing in this section shall deprive any person who is a member of any such body on July 1, 1960, of the right to remain as a member until the expiration of his term.
(g) (1) For the purposes of this section, a person shall be deemed to be a member of the political party on whose enrollment list such person's name appears on the date of such person's appointment to, or of such person's nomination as a candidate for election to, any office specified in subsection (a) of this section, provided any person who has applied for erasure or transfer of such person's name from an enrollment list shall be considered a member of the party from whose list such person has so applied for erasure or transfer for a period of three months from the date of the filing of such application and provided further any person whose candidacy for election to an office is solely as the candidate of a party other than the party with which such person is enrolled shall be deemed to be a member of the party of which such person is such candidate.
(2) For the purposes of this section, a person whose name is not on the enrollment list of any political party on the date of such person's appointment to, or of such person's nomination as a candidate for election to, any office specified in subsection (a) of this section shall be deemed to not be a member of any political party for the duration of such person's term in such office, provided any person whose candidacy for election to an office is solely as the candidate of a party shall be deemed to be a member of the party of which such person is a candidate.
(h) For the purposes of this section, the appointing authority for any member of any board or commission shall notify all other appointing authorities for members of such board or commission of each appointment made, including the name, town of residence and political affiliation of the person appointed, not later than five calendar days after such appointment. Such notification may be transmitted by electronic means.
(1959, P.A. 665; 1963, P.A. 592; P.A. 76-173, S. 1; P.A. 77-245, S. 4; P.A. 85-333, S. 1, 2; P.A. 86-400, S. 1, 2; P.A. 87-498, S. 1, 2; P.A. 89-370, S. 14, 15; P.A. 97-154, S. 8, 27; P.A. 16-185, S. 15; P.A. 23-205, S. 164.)
History: 1963 act added new Subsec. (g) setting forth how membership in a political party is determined for purposes of the section; P.A. 76-173 in Subsec. (d) deleted reference to vacancies to be filled by election, in Subsec. (e) added nothing to “prohibit enactment of” to repeal or modify, and added “charter” to general or special act providing for greater degree of minority representation; P.A. 77-245 changed “town” to “municipal” clerk where appearing; P.A. 85-333 applied section to municipal legislative bodies, except for a municipality having a town meeting as the legislative body, effective January 1, 1986, and applicable to elections held on or after that date; P.A. 86-400 restructured Subsec. (a) to place exceptions in a separate subdivision and added exception for town and city councils in unconsolidated cities within towns under stated circumstances; P.A. 87-498 added, in Subsec. (a)(2), “or (ii) for which the charter or a special act, on January 1, 1987, provided otherwise”; P.A. 89-370 exempted board of directors and other officers of any district, as defined in Sec. 7-324, having annual receipts from all sources not in excess of $250,000 from provisions of section; P.A. 97-154 amended Subsec. (g) by changing period during which applicant for erasure or transfer shall be considered a party member, from six months to three months from application filing date, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 16-185 amended Subsecs. (a)(2), (b) and (c) to make technical changes and added Subsec. (h) re notification by appointing authority of each appointment made, effective June 7, 2016; P.A. 23-205 amended Subsec. (g) to designate existing provision as Subdiv. (1), to add Subdiv. (2) re person whose name is not on enrollment list of any political party and to make technical changes, effective June 29, 2023.
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Sec. 9-174. Hours of voting on day of election and during period of early voting. Voting by electors and same-day election registration applicants in line at hour prescribed for closing of voting location. (a) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or any special act or municipal charter, at any regular election, or at any special election held to fill a vacancy in a state, district or municipal office, the polls on the day of such election shall remain open for voting from six o'clock a.m. until eight o'clock p.m. No elector shall be permitted to cast such elector's vote after the hour prescribed for the closing of the polls in any election unless such elector is in line at eight o'clock p.m. An election official or a police officer of the municipality, who is designated by the moderator, shall be placed at the end of the line at eight o'clock p.m. Such official or officer shall not allow any electors who were not in such line at eight o'clock p.m. to enter such line.
(b) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or any special act or municipal charter, at any regular election, each location designated for same-day election registration pursuant to subsection (c) of section 9-19j shall, on election day, as defined in said section, remain open for registration and voting from six o'clock a.m. until eight o'clock p.m. No applicant for same-day election registration shall be admitted as an elector or permitted to cast such applicant's vote after the hour prescribed for the closing of the location designated for such purposes on election day unless such applicant is in line at eight o'clock p.m. An election official or a police officer of the municipality, who is appointed by the registrars of voters, shall be placed at the end of the line at eight o'clock p.m. Such official or officer shall not allow any applicants who were not in such line at eight o'clock p.m. to enter such line.
(c) (1) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or any special act or municipal charter, at any regular election and any primary, other than a presidential preference primary, held on or after April 1, 2024, each location designated for the conduct of early voting pursuant to subsection (b) of section 9-163aa or for same-day election registration pursuant to subsection (c) of section 9-19j shall, during the early voting period, remain open from ten o'clock a.m. to six o'clock p.m., except that such location shall remain open from eight o'clock a.m. to eight o'clock p.m. on the last Tuesday and Thursday prior to the election or primary.
(2) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or any special act or municipal charter, at any special election and any presidential preference primary held on or after April 1, 2024, each location designated for the conduct of early voting pursuant to subsection (b) of section 9-163aa shall, during the early voting period, remain open from ten o'clock a.m. to six o'clock p.m.
(3) No voter shall be permitted to cast such voter's vote after the hour prescribed for the closing of the location designated for early voting at any election or primary under subdivision (1) or subdivision (2) of this subsection unless such voter is in line at such prescribed hour. An election or primary official or a police officer of the municipality, who is appointed by the registrars of voters, shall be placed at the end of the line at such prescribed hour. Such official or officer shall not allow any voters who were not in such line at such prescribed hour to enter such line.
(1949 Rev., S. 1062; 1953, S. 657d; 1967, P.A. 62; P.A. 77-209; P.A. 83-391, S. 14, 24; P.A. 84-12, S. 1, 2; P.A. 88-162, S. 1, 4; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-3, S. 10; P.A. 23-5, S. 3; 23-204, S. 177, 183.)
History: 1967 act provided for polls to remain open for voting from six a.m. to eight p.m. for all elections; P.A. 77-209 provided for electors who were already in line at eight p.m. to be permitted to vote; P.A. 83-391 amended section to provide that hours for special election shall be noon to eight p.m. unless election held in conjunction with regular election; P.A. 84-12 added proviso concerning special election held on same day as municipal referendum; P.A. 88-162 required polls to open for voting in all special elections at six o'clock a.m., instead of at twelve o'clock noon, effective July 1, 1989; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-3 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and amended same to replace “police official” with “police officer”, added Subsec. (b) re locations designated for election day registration, and made technical and conforming changes, effective July 31, 2020; P.A. 23-5 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “the polls shall remain open” with “the polls on the day of such election shall remain open”, amended Subsec. (b) by replacing references to election day registration with references to same-day election registration on election day, added Subsec. (c) re hours of voting during early voting period and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2023; P.A. 23-204 changed effective date of P.A. 23-5, S. 3, from July 1, 2023, to January 1, 2024, effective June 12, 2023, and amended Subsec. (c) by replacing “January 1, 2024” with “April 1, 2024” in Subdivs. (1) and (2), effective January 1, 2024.
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Sec. 9-174a. Emergency contingency plan for elections, primaries and referenda. Model plan. (a) For each municipality, the registrars of voters, in consultation with the municipal clerk, shall create an emergency contingency plan for elections, primaries and referenda to be held within such municipality, including the conduct of early voting, as provided in section 9-163aa, at such elections and primaries held on or after April 1, 2024. Such plan shall include, but not be limited to, (1) solutions for ballot or envelope shortages, and (2) strategies to implement in the event of (A) a shortage or absence of election or primary officials at the polling place or the location designated for early voting, as applicable, (B) a loss of power, (C) a fire or the sounding of an alarm within a polling place or a location designated for early voting, (D) voting machine malfunctions, (E) a weather or other natural disaster, (F) the need to remove an election or primary official and to replace such official, and (G) disorder in and around the polling place or the location designated for early voting.
(b) Not later than six months after the adoption of a model plan by the Secretary of the State provided for in regulations adopted pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, the registrars of voters shall submit the plan created under subsection (a) of this section to the legislative body of such municipality or, in a municipality where the legislative body is a town meeting or representative town meeting, the board of selectmen, for approval. Upon approval, such plan shall remain on file with the municipal clerk until such plan is amended by the registrars of voters, in consultation with the municipal clerk, and approved by the legislative body of the municipality or, in a municipality where the legislative body is a town meeting or representative town meeting, the board of selectmen. If, not later than six months after the adoption of a model plan by the Secretary, a municipality fails to create and approve an emergency contingency plan, the municipality shall be deemed to have adopted the model plan adopted by the Secretary.
(c) Any municipality that activates the emergency contingency plan established pursuant to this section shall provide a written report concerning the activation of such plan to the Secretary of the State not later than thirty days after such activation. Such report shall include the reason for such activation as well as the procedures in the emergency contingency plan that were activated and the outcome of the activation of such plan.
(d) The Secretary of the State shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, as the Secretary deems necessary to implement the provisions of this section. Such regulations shall include a model plan that municipalities may adopt.
(P.A. 11-46, S. 2; P.A. 23-5, S. 4; 23-204, S. 178, 183.)
History: P.A. 11-46 effective June 13, 2011; P.A. 23-5 amended Subsec. (a) by adding reference to conduct of early voting at elections and primaries held on or after January 1, 2024, re requirement to create emergency contingency plan, adding “or envelope” in Subdiv. (1), replacing “poll workers” with “election or primary officials at the polling place or the location designated for early voting, as applicable” in Subdiv. (2)(A), adding references to location designated for early voting in Subdivs. (2)(C) and (2)(G) and replacing “poll worker or moderator” with “election or primary official” in Subdiv. (2)(F), effective July 1, 2023; P.A. 23-204 changed effective date of P.A. 23-5, S. 4, from July 1, 2023, to January 1, 2024, effective June 12, 2023, and amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “January 1, 2024” with “April 1, 2024”, effective January 1, 2024.
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Sec. 9-192a. Secretary of the State to establish program and criteria for certification of registrars. Committee to advise Secretary on programs and procedures for training, examining and certifying registrars, deputies and assistants. Training program for poll workers. (a)(1) The Secretary of the State shall, in consultation with the advisory committee created pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, establish a program and criteria for the certification of registrars of voters. All registrars taking such office on or before July 1, 2015, shall complete such program and satisfy such criteria for certification not later than July 1, 2017. Any registrar taking such office after July 1, 2015, shall complete such program and satisfy such criteria for certification (A) in the case of a two-year term, not later than the conclusion of such term, and (B) in the case of a four-year term, not later than two years after the date of first holding such office, except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection. Each municipality shall pay on behalf of such municipality's registrar of voters the cost of completing such program and satisfying such criteria for certification.
(2) If a deputy registrar becomes registrar, in accordance with the provisions of section 9-192, on or after the ninetieth day prior to a state election, as defined in section 9-1, such new registrar shall complete an abridged program prescribed by the Secretary of the State for a provisional certification. Completion of such abridged program and receipt of a provisional certification shall not be deemed to satisfy the requirements for certification described in subdivision (1) of this subsection.
(3) Once certified, pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, each registrar shall participate each year in not less than eight hours of training, not including any training described under subdivision (2) of subsection (d) of this section, in order to maintain such certification. Such training shall be as prescribed by the Secretary of the State and shall be conducted by said Secretary or a third party approved by said Secretary to conduct such training. On and after January 1, 2024, such training shall include procedures for the conduct of early voting at elections and primaries. Any registrar who fails to satisfy such annual training requirement shall be directed by the Secretary of the State to take remedial measures prescribed by said Secretary.
(b) There is created an advisory committee for the purpose of establishing programs and procedures for training, examining and certifying registrars of voters, deputy registrars of voters and assistant registrars of voters, as described in section 9-192. The committee shall consist of six members, one of whom shall be from the office of the Secretary of the State, one of whom shall be from the State Elections Enforcement Commission, and four of whom shall be registrars of voters. The Secretary of the State shall appoint the registrars of voters, in consultation with the Registrars of Voters Association of Connecticut, or its successor organization. The committee members shall serve without pay. The Secretary of the State shall determine the length of the terms of the initial members, in accordance with the following: Two of such members shall serve for a one-year term; two of such members shall serve for a two-year term; and two of such members shall serve for a four-year term. Thereafter, all members shall serve for four-year terms. The committee shall select a chairperson, who shall be one of the registrars who is a member of the committee.
(c) The Secretary of the State, in consultation with the advisory committee, shall adopt criteria for the training, examination and certification requirements of registrars pursuant to subsection (a) of this section. In advising the Secretary of the State on the adoption of such criteria, the committee (1) shall consider whether the prescribed training leading to certification may, in part, be satisfied through participation in the required two conferences a year called by the Secretary of the State, pursuant to section 9-6, for purposes of discussing the election laws, procedures or matters related to election laws and procedures, and (2) may recommend programs at one or more institutions of higher education that satisfy such criteria. Any deputy or assistant registrar of voters may participate in the course of training prescribed by the Secretary for certification as a certified Connecticut registrar of voters. The Secretary of the State shall certify any individual who completes such training and successfully completes any examination or examinations prescribed by the Secretary as a certified Connecticut registrar of voters.
(d) The advisory committee shall also (1) develop a training program in election procedures for poll workers, and (2) develop an election law and procedures training program and guide for registrars, deputy registrars and assistant registrars. The training program developed under subdivision (2) of this subsection shall provide for training to be conducted by trained registrars or former registrars hired for such purpose by the Secretary of the State. The committee shall submit such training programs and training guide to the Secretary of the State, who shall approve or modify the programs and guide.
(P.A. 98-67, S. 6, 10; P.A. 05-235, S. 20; P.A. 06-196, S. 54; P.A. 15-224, S. 2; P.A. 23-5, S. 27.)
History: P.A. 98-67 effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 05-235 divided provisions of existing Subsec. (a) into new Subsecs. (a) and (b), included existing Subsecs. (b) and (c) in new Subsec. (b) and made technical changes therein, and added new Subsec. (c) requiring committee to develop training program in election procedures for poll workers and an election law and procedures training program and guide for registrars, deputies and assistants, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 06-196 made technical changes in Subsec. (b), effective June 7, 2006; P.A. 15-224 added new Subsec. (a) re establishment of and criteria for mandatory certification program for registrars of voters, provisional certification for deputy registrars that succeed registrar on or after 90 days before state election and annual training for maintenance of certification, redesignated existing Subsecs. (a) to (c) as Subsecs. (b) to (d), amended redesignated Subsec. (b) to change “committee” to “advisory committee” and change “permanent assistants” to “assistant registrars of voters”, amended redesignated Subsec. (c) to replace reference to permanent assistant with reference to assistant registrar of voters, delete provision re committee's duty to recommend certification of individual to Secretary of the State upon individual's successful completion of training and examination, delete provision re Secretary's authority to rescind certification upon finding of sufficient cause by committee, and delete provision re certification of registrars not required by Subsec., and made conforming and technical changes, effective July 7, 2015; P.A. 23-5 amended Subsec. (a)(3) to add provision re early voting procedures training on and after January 1, 2024, effective July 1, 2023.
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Sec. 9-217. List of candidates. The Secretary of the State shall provide to the clerk of the municipality in which such election is to be held a list of the candidates of each party for such office by the thirty-fourth day before the commencement of the period of early voting at such special election.
(1957, P.A. 119, S. 5; 518, S. 36; 1963, P.A. 17, S. 87; 1969, P.A. 694, S. 9; P.A. 80-215, S. 4; P.A. 17-143, S. 3; P.A. 23-5, S. 17.)
History: 1963 act changed internal reference from prior primary act to its restatement; 1969 act changed sentence referring to “vacancy in the municipal office of representative” from any town to read “vacancy in the municipal office of state representative” and in sentence referring to “any convention for the district office of state senator” added “or state representative”; P.A. 80-215 deleted references to filling vacancy in municipal office of state representative or state senator and also to filing by officials of convention for district office of state senator or state representative and added requirement that clerk of municipality in which election to be held file a list of candidates of each party by the thirty-second day before special election with the secretary of the state; P.A. 17-143 replaced provisions re clerk of municipality to file list of candidates with Secretary of the State by 32nd day before special election with provisions re Secretary of the State to provide to clerk of municipality list of candidates by 34th day before special election, effective June 30, 2017; P.A. 23-5 added reference to commencement of early voting period, effective January 1, 2024.
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Sec. 9-224b. Registration as write-in candidate in special election to fill vacancy. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, in order to be a valid write-in candidate in a special election called to fill a vacancy in a state, district or municipal office, a person shall register with the Secretary of the State not earlier than ninety days before such election and not later than the end of the business day on the fourteenth day preceding the commencement of the period of early voting at such election.
(b) In order to be a valid write-in candidate in a special election called to fill a vacancy in the municipal office of town meeting member in any town having a representative town meeting which has seventy-five or more members, a person shall register with the town clerk of such town not earlier than ninety days preceding such election and not later than the last business day preceding the commencement of the period of early voting at the election.
(c) Any such registration shall include a statement of the office sought by such person and a statement of consent to being a write-in candidate by such person. Such registration shall not include a designation of a political party.
(P.A. 81-447, S. 20; P.A. 87-382, S. 51, 55; P.A. 23-5, S. 10.)
History: P.A. 87-382 divided section in to Subsecs. and added Subsec. (b) re vacancy in municipal office of town meeting member in towns having a representative town meeting which has at least 75 members; P.A. 23-5 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) by adding references to commencement of early voting period, effective January 1, 2024.
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Sec. 9-225. State elections. (a) The town clerk or assistant town clerk of each town shall warn the electors therein to meet on the Tuesday following the first Monday in November in the even-numbered years, at six o'clock a.m., which warning shall be given by publication (1) in a newspaper having a general circulation in such town, or towns in the case of a joint publication under subsection (b) of this section, not more than fifteen nor less than five days previous to the commencement of the period of early voting at such election, and (2) on such town's Internet web site, not more than fifteen nor less than five days previous to the commencement of the period of early voting at such election. The clerk in each town shall, in the warning for such election, give notice of (A) the time and the location of each polling place in the town, (B) in towns divided into voting districts, the time and the location of each polling place in each district, (C) the time and the site of each location designated for same-day election registration in the town, and (D) the time and the site of each location designated for the conduct of early voting, at which such election will be held. The town clerk shall record each such warning.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of any charter or home rule ordinance, the warning under subsection (a) of this section may be published jointly by two or more towns in a newspaper, provided all other requirements of this section with respect to such warning are met.
(1949 Rev., S. 1053; 1953, S. 702d; 1963, P.A. 393, S. 8; February, 1965, P.A. 275, S. 4; 1967, P.A. 119, S. 1; 352, S. 1; P.A. 11-173, S. 57; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-4, S. 4; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 99; P.A. 23-5, S. 6; 23-22, S. 23; 23-204, S. 183.)
History: 1963 act substituted publication in a newspaper for posting notice on town signposts and omitted method of computing 5-day notice period; 1965 act added “not more than ten nor less than” to the 5 days previous to election for publication in a newspaper, deleted “except as otherwise provided by law” and also provision for true and attested copy of warning to be left with town clerk by person who served same and provided for town clerk to record such warning; 1967 acts changed not more than 10 days to 15 days and made minor changes in wording; P.A. 11-173 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and amended same to add language re joint publication, and added Subsec. (b) re joint publication, effective July 1, 2011; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-4 amended Subsec. (a) to designate existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and amend same to add exception re Subdiv. (2) and add Subdiv. (2) re state election in 2020, effective October 2, 2020; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 amended Subsec. (a)(1) to designate existing provision re newspaper publication as Subpara. (A), add Subpara. (B) re town Internet web site publication, designate existing provision re time and location of polling places in towns as clause (i), designate existing provision re time and location of polling places in voting districts as clause (ii) and add clause (iii) re time and location of election day registration location in town and amended Subsec. (a)(2) to add provision re certain elections held prior to November 3, 2021, effective June 23, 2021; P.A. 23-5 amended Subsec. (a)(1) by replacing “holding” with “the commencement of the period of early voting at”, replacing “election day registration” with “same-day election registration” and adding Subpara. (B)(iv), codified by the Revisors as Subsec. (a)(2)(D) pursuant to public act 23-22, re location designated for conduct of early voting and making a technical change, effective July 1, 2023; P.A. 23-22 amended Subsec. (a) to redesignate Subparas. (A) and (B) as Subdivs. (1) and (2), redesignate existing Subdiv. (1)(B)(i) to (iii) as Subdiv. (2)(A) to (C), delete former Subdiv. (2) re state election in 2020, and certain elections held prior to November 3, 2021, and making a conforming change; P.A. 23-204 changed effective date of P.A. 23-5, S. 6, from July 1, 2023, to January 1, 2024, effective June 12, 2023.
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Sec. 9-226. Municipal elections. The warning of each municipal election shall specify the objects for which such election is to be held. Notice of a town election shall be given by the town clerk or assistant town clerk, by publishing a warning (1) in a newspaper published in such town or having a general circulation therein, such publication to be not more than fifteen nor less than five days previous to the commencement of the period of early voting at the election, and (2) on such town's Internet web site, such publication to be not more than fifteen nor less than five days previous to the commencement of the period of early voting at the election. The town clerk in each town shall, in the warning for such election, give notice of (A) the time and the location of each polling place in the town, (B) in towns divided into voting districts, the time and the location of each polling place in each district, (C) the time and the site of each location designated for same-day election registration, and (D) the time and the site of each location designated for the conduct of early voting, in the town. The town clerk shall record each such warning. Notice of an election of a city or borough shall be given by publishing a warning (i) in a newspaper published within the limits of such city or borough or having a general circulation therein, not more than fifteen nor less than five days previous to the commencement of the period of early voting at the election, and (ii) on the Internet web site of such city or borough, or the town having such city or borough within such town's limits, not more than fifteen nor less than five days previous to the commencement of the period of early voting at the election, which warning shall include notice of (I) the time and the location of each polling place in such city or borough, (II) in cities and boroughs divided into voting districts, the time and the location of each polling place in each district, (III) the time and the site of each location designated for same-day election registration in such city or borough, and (IV) the time and the site of each location designated for the conduct of early voting in such city or borough.
(1949 Rev., S. 493; 1953, S. 703d; 1963, P.A. 393, S. 9; February, 1965, P.A. 275, S. 5; 1967, P.A. 119, S. 2; 352, S. 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2, S. 100; P.A. 23-5, S. 7; 23-22, S. 24; 23-204, S. 183.)
History: 1963 act substituted publication in a newspaper for posting notice of an election on the signposts and deleted method of computation of the 5-day period; 1965 act added to prescription of timing for newspaper publication “not more than ten nor less than” before the words “five days previous to holding the election” where appearing; 1967 acts added assistant town clerk as authorized to give notice of town election, provided for warning to give notice of the time and the location of the polling place, or in case town or city or borough divided into voting districts, time and polling place location in each district, and changed 10 day limitation to 15 days, where appearing; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-2 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a), designated existing provision re town newspaper publication as Subsec. (a)(1), added Subsec. (a)(2) re town Internet web site publication, designated existing provision re time and location of polling places in town as Subpara. (A), designated existing provision re time and location of polling places in voting districts as Subpara. (B), added Subpara. (C) re time and location of election day registration locations in town, added references to Subsec. (b) re certain municipal elections held prior to November 3, 2021, designated existing provision re city or borough newspaper publication as clause (i), added clause (ii) re city or borough Internet web site publication, designated existing provision re time and location of polling places in city or borough as subclause (I), designated existing provision re time and location of polling places in city or borough voting districts as subclause (II), added subclause (III) re time and location of election day registration locations in city or borough and added Subsec. (b) re certain municipal elections held prior to November 3, 2021, effective June 23, 2021; P.A. 23-5 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “holding” with “the commencement of the period of early voting at”, replacing “election day registration” with “same-day election registration”, adding Subdivs. (2)(D) and (2)(D)(ii)(IV) re location designated for conduct of early voting and making technical changes, effective July 1, 2023; P.A. 23-22 deleted Subsec. (a) designator, deleted exceptions referencing former Subsec. (b) and deleted former Subsec. (b) re certain municipal elections held prior to November 3, 2021; P.A. 23-204 changed effective date of P.A. 23-5, S. 7, from July 1, 2023, to January 1, 2024, effective June 12, 2023.
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Sec. 9-229. Appointment of moderators. Certification and duties of regional election advisors. Instruction and certification of moderators. Regulations. Alternate moderators. (a) The registrars of voters in the several towns and, in towns where there are different registrars for different voting districts, the registrars of voters in such districts shall appoint the moderators of regular and special state and municipal elections in their respective towns or districts. For the purpose of providing a reserve group of persons who may serve as moderators, the registrars shall designate alternate moderators from among those persons chosen as official checkers, or tabulator tenders, in the following minimum numbers: In towns with one or more but not exceeding three voting districts, one alternate moderator; in towns with four or more but not exceeding eight voting districts, two alternate moderators; in towns with more than eight voting districts, a number of alternate moderators equal to one-fourth of the number of voting districts rounded off to the nearest multiple of four. In case the registrars fail to agree in the choice of a moderator or alternate moderator, the choice shall be determined between such registrars by lot. In the case of a primary, the registrar, as defined in section 9-372, shall so appoint such moderators and alternate moderators. Moderators and alternate moderators shall be appointed at least twenty days before the commencement of the period of early voting at such election or primary. The registrars shall submit a list of the names of such moderators and alternate moderators to the municipal clerk, which list shall be made available for public inspection by such clerk. Each person appointed to serve as moderator or alternate moderator shall be certified by the Secretary of the State in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, except as provided in subsection (d) of this section or section 9-436.
(b) (1) The Secretary of the State shall: (A) Request registrars of voters to volunteer to serve as instructors for moderators and alternate moderators; (B) select registrars from among such volunteers to serve as such instructors; (C) establish a curriculum for instructional sessions for moderators and alternate moderators; (D) establish the number of such instructional sessions to be held, provided at least one such instructional session shall be held in each congressional district in each calendar year; and (E) train the instructors for such sessions. The curriculum for such instructional sessions shall include, but need not be limited to, procedures for counting and recording absentee ballots, hands-on training in the use of voting tabulators, and the duties of a moderator in the conduct of a primary or an election. The Secretary may employ assistants on a temporary basis within existing budgetary resources for the purpose of implementing the provisions of this section. Such assistants shall not be subject to the provisions of chapter 67. The instructors shall conduct instructional sessions for moderators and alternate moderators in accordance with their training by the Secretary and the curriculum for such sessions.
(2) The Secretary of the State shall also: (A) Coordinate with each regional election advisor appointed pursuant to section 9-229b, and the regional council of governments that appointed such regional election advisor, to hold instructional sessions for moderators and alternate moderators within the planning region served by such regional council of governments, in accordance with the curriculum established under subdivision (1) of this subsection; and (B) train and certify each regional election advisor for purposes of performing the duties of the position. The Secretary shall certify as a regional election advisor each individual who successfully completes training under subparagraph (B) of this subdivision, except the Secretary shall not so certify any individual who has, in a court of competent jurisdiction, been convicted of or pled guilty or nolo contendere to any (i) felony involving fraud, forgery, larceny, embezzlement or bribery, or (ii) criminal offense under this title. Any such initial certification granted under this subdivision shall expire two years after the date of such granting. Prior to expiration of the initial or any subsequent certification, a regional election advisor may undergo an abridged recertification process prescribed by the Secretary, and upon successful completion thereof, such certification shall be renewed for two years after the date of such completion. Only certification in accordance with this subdivision shall satisfy the requirement of subdivision (4) of subsection (b) of section 9-229b, and the Secretary may revoke any such certification, with or without cause, at any time.
(3) The duties of each regional election advisor shall include, but not be limited to: (A) Holding the instructional sessions described in subdivision (2) of this subsection; (B) communicating with registrars of voters to assist, to the extent permitted under law, in preparations for and operations of any election, primary or recanvass, or any audit conducted pursuant to section 9-320f; and (C) transmitting any order issued by the Secretary of the State, pursuant to subsection (b) of section 9-3.
(4) Any elector may attend one or more of the sessions held under subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection. Each instructor or regional election advisor, as the case may be, shall provide the Secretary of the State with the name and address of each person who completes any such session.
(c) The Secretary shall conduct certification sessions for moderators and alternate moderators each year at times and places to be determined by said Secretary, provided at least eight such sessions shall be held each calendar year and at least one such session shall be conducted prior to every primary. The Secretary shall certify each person who successfully completes an instructional session or regional instructional session, as the case may be, conducted in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section and an examination administered by the Secretary, as eligible to serve as moderator or alternate moderator at any election or primary held during the time such certification is effective, except the Secretary shall not certify any person as moderator or alternate moderator who has been convicted of or pled guilty or nolo contendere to, in a court of competent jurisdiction, any felony involving fraud, forgery, larceny, embezzlement or bribery or any criminal offense under this title. Before July 1, 2019, (1) any initial certification granted under this subsection shall expire two years after the date of its granting, and (2) prior to expiration of an initial or subsequent certification, a moderator or alternate moderator may undergo an abridged recertification process prescribed by the Secretary, and upon successful completion thereof, such certification shall be renewed for two years after the date of such completion. On and after July 1, 2019, (A) any initial certification granted under this subsection shall expire four years after the date of its granting, and (B) prior to expiration of an initial or subsequent certification, a moderator or alternate moderator may undergo an abridged recertification process prescribed by the Secretary, and upon successful completion thereof, such certification shall be renewed for four years after the date of such completion. Only those persons who are certified in accordance with this subsection shall be eligible to serve as moderators on election or primary day, except as provided in subsection (d) of this section or section 9-436. The Secretary of the State may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, as the Secretary deems necessary to implement the certification process under this section.
(d) If the person designated as moderator is unable to serve for any reason, a certified alternate moderator shall serve as moderator. If such certified alternate moderator is not called upon to serve as moderator, he shall serve in another capacity as an election official on election or primary day. If any town or voting district lacks a moderator due to the death, disability or withdrawal of a certified moderator or alternate moderator, or due to the disqualification of a moderator for any reason, including failure to attend an instructional session as required by this section, the registrars of voters shall appoint a new moderator for such town or voting district in the manner provided in this section. Such new moderator shall attend an instructional session and a certification session conducted in accordance with the provisions of this section. If all such sessions have been conducted at the time of appointment of the new moderator, the new moderator shall receive instruction from the registrars who appointed the new moderator.
(1949 Rev., S. 1057; 1953, S. 706d; P.A. 81-467, S. 3, 8; P.A. 82-426, S. 5, 14; P.A. 85-274; P.A. 87-472, S. 11; P.A. 93-384, S. 2; P.A. 95-185, S. 1; P.A. 11-20, S. 1; 11-46, S. 1; P.A. 13-21, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 443; P.A. 19-67, S. 1; P.A. 23-5, S. 29; 23-204, S. 183; 23-205, S. 169.)
History: P.A. 81-467 required appointment and instruction of alternate moderators, required instruction of moderators and added provisions re certification of moderators and alternates; P.A. 82-426 extended provisions of section to moderators at primaries; P.A. 85-274 amended section to require “successful” completion of instructional session and an examination and to allow electors to attend one or more of such instructional sessions; P.A. 87-472 added provisions re five-year certifications for qualifying moderators and alternate moderators; P.A. 93-384 changed duration of terms for moderators and alternate moderators from three or five years to four years; P.A. 95-185 divided section into Subsecs., changed the conductor of instructional sessions from the Secretary of the State to registrars who volunteer as instructors, established the secretary's and registrars' duties re moderator instruction, and the curriculum for such sessions, required eight certification sessions annually and made technical changes; pursuant to P.A. 11-20, “machine” and “machines” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “tabulator” and “tabulators”, respectively, in Subsecs. (a) and (b), effective May 24, 2011; P.A. 11-46 amended Subsec. (c) by making certification effective for 2, rather than 4, years on or after October 1, 2011, by authorizing Secretary of the State to adopt regulations re certification process and by making technical changes, effective June 13, 2011; P.A. 13-21 amended Subsec. (c) to provide that a person who has been convicted of or pled guilty or nolo contendere to an offense described in Subdivs. (1) and (2) may not be certified as a moderator, effective May 24, 2013; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (b) by designating existing provisions as new Subdivs. (1) and (4), deleting provision re certification of moderators and alternate moderators in Subdiv. (1), adding new Subdivs. (2) and (3) re regional election monitors and making conforming changes, and amended Subsec. (c) by adding reference to regional instructional session, replacing provision re certification made on or after October 1, 2011, with provisions re initial certification, abridged certification process and certification renewal and replacing provision re attendance and certification at instructional session with provision re certification in accordance with Subsec., effective January 1, 2016; P.A. 19-67 amended Subsec. (c) to delete Subdiv. (1) and (2) designators, add “Before July 1, 2019”, designate existing provisions re initial certification as Subdiv. (1), designate existing provisions re abridged recertification process as Subdiv. (2), add provisions re certification on and after July 1, 2019, and made technical and conforming changes, effective July 1, 2019; P.A. 23-5 amended Subsec. (a) to add reference to commencement of early voting period, effective July 1, 2023; P.A. 23-204 changed effective date of P.A. 23-5, S. 29, from July 1, 2023, to January 1, 2024, effective June 12, 2023; P.A. 23-205 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing references to contracted regional election monitors with references to appointed regional election advisors, requiring Secretary to coordinate with each regional council of governments that appointed such advisor to hold instructional sessions within such regional council's planning region in Subdiv. (2), deleting former Subdiv. (2)(B) re number of such sessions, redesignating existing Subdiv. (2)(C) as new Subdiv. (2)(B) and making technical changes, effective July 1, 2023.
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Sec. 9-229b. Regional election advisors. Appointment by regional councils of governments. Memorandum of understanding with the Secretary of the State. (a) Any regional council of governments organized under the provisions of sections 4-124i to 4-124p, inclusive, may appoint a regional election advisor, who shall represent, consult with and act on behalf of such regional council of governments and any combination of regional councils of governments or member towns of regional councils of governments that may seek the assistance of such regional election advisor. A regional election advisor shall consult and coordinate with the Secretary of the State to provide such assistance in preparations for and operations of any election, primary or recanvass, or any audit conducted pursuant to section 9-320f.
(b) Any regional election advisor appointed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall (1) be an elector of this state, (2) perform the duties of the position in a nonpartisan manner, (3) have prior field experience in the conduct of elections, and (4) be certified by the Secretary of the State in accordance with subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of section 9-229 or as soon after such appointment as practicable.
(c) Not later than March first of the year of each regular election, each regional council of governments that has appointed a regional election advisor shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with the Secretary of the State concerning the assistance to be provided by such regional election advisor, and shall confirm within such memorandum of understanding that (1) each requirement described in subsection (b) of this section is satisfied and the individual who shall serve as regional election advisor has been informed, in writing, of the minimum expectations of performance for the position, and (2) revocation by the Secretary of such regional election advisor's certification constitutes breach of such memorandum of understanding, which may result in termination of such memorandum of understanding if the regional council of governments is not able to appoint a replacement regional election advisor within thirty days after such revocation.
(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 442; P.A. 23-205, S. 166.)
History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 effective January 1, 2016; P.A. 23-205 changed requirement that each regional council of governments contract with regional election monitor to authorization for any such regional council to appoint regional election advisor, amended Subsec. (a) by changing requirement that such monitor represent and act on behalf of Secretary to requirement that such advisor represent and act on behalf of regional councils of governments and member towns that seek assistance from such advisor, amended Subsec. (b) by deleting provisions re not being considered a state employee and re space, supplies, equipment and services necessary to perform duties and amended Subsec. (c) by requiring memorandum of understanding to confirm such advisor has been informed in writing of performance expectations in Subdiv. (1), deleting former Subdiv. (2) re control and direction of Secretary and former Subdiv. (4) re retention at least 30 days after regular election, redesignating existing Subdiv. (3) as new Subdiv. (2) and replacing provision that certification revocation results in immediate contract termination with provision that certification revocation may result in memorandum of understanding termination if regional council unable to appoint replacement advisor within 30 days after such revocation, effective July 1, 2023.
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Sec. 9-229c. Grants to regional councils of governments from Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management for support of regional election advisors. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2024, and each fiscal year thereafter, each regional council of governments that has appointed a regional election advisor and entered into a memorandum of understanding with the Secretary of the State concerning the assistance to be provided by such regional election advisor, in accordance with the provisions of section 9-229b, shall, within available appropriations, receive a grant of not less than twenty-five thousand dollars from the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management. Each such regional council of governments shall use such grant funds exclusively to support such regional election advisor in carrying out the purposes of said section.
(P.A. 23-205, S. 167.)
History: P.A. 23-205 effective July 1, 2023.
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Sec. 9-235e. Secretary of the State allowed access to polling places and locations designated for the conduct of early voting. Except as otherwise provided in this section, the Secretary of the State, or the Secretary's designee, shall be allowed access to each polling place or location designated for the conduct of early voting within the state during any municipal, state or federal election, primary or recanvass for the purpose of reviewing any such polling place or location and any such recanvass for compliance with state and federal law. If the Secretary is a candidate on the ballot for any election or primary at a polling place or location designated for the conduct of early voting, only the Secretary's designee may access such polling place or location pursuant to the provisions of this section.
(P.A. 11-46, S. 3; P.A. 23-5, S. 20; 23-204, S. 183.)
History: P.A. 11-46 effective June 13, 2011; P.A. 23-5 added references to early voting locations and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2023; P.A. 23-204 changed effective date of P.A. 23-5, S. 20, from July 1, 2023, to January 1, 2024, effective June 12, 2023.
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